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 The genetic material of a virus can be either DNA or RNA The viruses that contain DNA as their genetic material are called the DNA viruses RNA viruses, on the other hand, contain RNA as their genetic material DNA viruses are mostly doublestranded while RNA viruses are singlestranded RNA mutation rate is higher than the DNA mutation rateThe occurrence of double stranded RNAs in biological systems was uncovered in a number of experiments in the early 1960s 7–9 Intriguingly all of the biological systems initially found to be sources for double stranded RNA involved virus infectionIs it singlestranded or doublestranded?

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Double stranded rna is found in which virus

Double stranded rna is found in which virus-1 The base composition of a virus was found to be 11% A, 32% G, 18% U and 39% C It this a DNA or RNA virus?Ribonucleic acid (RNA) is a molecule similar to DNA Unlike DNA, RNA is singlestranded An RNA strand has a backbone made of alternating sugar (ribose) and phosphate groups Attached to each sugar is one of four basesadenine (A), uracil (U), cytosine , or guanine (G) Different types of RNA

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The presence of Uracil shows that it is RNA The base composition is unequal, so it must be single stranded 2 Which of these DNA fragments will have a higher melting temperature?Stabilized by the presence of intramolecular double stranded regions, such as the panhandle structures that are found at the ends of the influenza genome (17) However, this is not sufficient to induce RIGI activation unless the ssRNAs also contain phosphorylated 5' termini Notably, many RNA viruses have uncapped RNAs bearing 5' tri SARSCoV2 emergence in late 19 led to the COVID19 pandemic that has had devastating effects on human health and the economy While early innate immune responses are essential for protection against virus invasion and inadequate responses are associated with severe COVID19 disease, gaps remain in our knowledge about the interaction of SARSCoV2 with host

Which structural feature is found in the singlestranded DNA molecule?To investigate membrane alterations and to characterize the RC of mouse hepatitis virus (MHV), we performed biochemical and ultrastructural studies using MHVinfected cells Biochemica RNA replication of mouse hepatitis virus takes place at doublemembrane vesiclesThe genomes of viruses possess unique characteristics that are not found in mammalian genomes, such as high CpG content and doublestranded RNA These genomic nucleic acids serve as molecular signatures associated with viral infections Here we show that TLR7 recognizes the singlestranded RNA viruses, vesicular stomatitis virus and influenza

 Less common in nature is doublestranded RNA (dsRNA), which has two strands and resembles the wellknown DNA double helix It's found in some viruses, but for the past few decades, people have Like many other viruses, SARSCoV2 is an RNA virus This means that, unlike in humans and other mammals, the genetic material for SARSCoV2 is encoded in ribonucleic acid (RNA) The viral RNA is sneaky its features cause the protein synthesis machinery in humans to mistake it for RNA produced by our own DNA The occurrence, distribution, and genetic relatedness of doublestranded RNA (dsRNA) components from 36 isolates of Rhizoctonia solani belonging to nine anastomosis groups (AGs) were studied using electrophoretic analysis and RNA–RNA blot hybridization DsRNA was consistently detected in all 36 isolates

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For instance, TLR7 recognize viral RNA in the endosomes Properties microbial nucleic acids have often specific structure, length or modification such as bacterial DNA which contains unmethylated repeats of dinucleotide CpG or viral doublestranded (ds) or singlestranded (ss) RNA RNA silencing functions as a potent antiviral pathway in plant and animal systems 1,2,3,4,5,6 and is known to be triggered by the accumulation ofLater, groups of viruses were classified by the type of nucleic acid they contained, DNA or RNA, and whether their nucleic acid was single or doublestranded However, these earlier classification methods grouped viruses differently, because they were based on different sets of characters of the virus

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 A retrovirus is an RNA virus that is duplicated in a host cell using the reverse transcriptase enzyme to produce DNA from its RNA genome The DNA is then incorporated into the host's genome by an integrase enzymeVirus) in order to replicate It has circular, singlestranded RNA and an envelope In reality this is a viroid However, it has historically been classified as a virus 3 Astrovirus A naked five to sixpointed starshaped virus with singlestranded RNA ItClass III viruses contain doublestranded genomic RNA (dsRNA) The minus RNA strand acts as a template for the synthesis of plus strands of mRNA The virions of all class III viruses known to date have genomes containing 10 – 12 separate doublestranded RNA molecules, each of which encodes one or two polypeptides

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 , Recognition of 5′ triphosphate by RIGI helicase requires short blunt doublestranded RNA as contained in panhandle of negativestrand virus Immunity 31, 25 (09) doi /jimmuni8 pmid In these cells, they found the threshold for activating the immune system's alarm bells is about 1,000 snippets of doublestranded viral RNA More than this and the immune system notices the virusDNA vs RNA DNA and RNA are very similar After all, RNA is supposed to be a copy of DNA However, there are a few differences between the two molecules The biggest difference is in their shape DNA is a twostranded molecule in the form of a double helix RNA, on the other hand, is a singlestranded molecule

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A) It can have a negativelycharged backbone composed of nitrogenous doublestranded RNA molecule of the same size?RNAdependent RNA polymerase 6 (RDR6) is an essential component of RNAi, which plays an important role in the resistance against viruses in the model plants We found previously that rice RDR6 (OsRDR6) functioned in the defense against Rice stripe virus (RSV), and Rice Dwarf Phytoreovirus (RDV) infection resulted in downregulation of expression of RDR6 a Schematic of the doublestranded RNAThe doublestranded RNA (dsRNA) Trichomonas vaginalis viruses (TVVs), belonging to the Trichomonasvirus genus within totiviruses (12, 13) The four phylogenetically distinct TVV strains (TVV1 to 4) share little sequence identity (,28%) and do not transmit extracellularly but are found to cohabitate the same organism (12–18) TVV infection

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 One of the beststudied systems for RNA virus mutation is poliovirus, in which a now frequently used lower mutation rate mutant (G64S in the 3D RNAdependent RNA polymerase, 3DG64S) was characterized, simultaneously, by virologists working at two locations in the San Francisco Bay Area 17, 18DoubleStranded RNA of the Diagnosis of Citrus and Avocado Viruses J A Do~dds, R L Jordan, J A Heick and S J Tamaki ABSTRACT Until recently presence of homogeneous segments of doublestranded (ds)RNA, corresponding to twice the size of viral genomic ssRNA, in infected plants have been overlooked in plant virus diagnosisA) Both will have secondary structure b) Both will contain inverted repeats 25_____ A new virus, virus X, is isolated and studied Which molecule is

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 Largescale production and antiviral efficacy of multitarget doublestranded RNA for the prevention of white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) in shrimp BMC biotechnology 15 , 110, doi /s126Viruses are extremely small, approximately 15 25 nanometers in diameterViruses Genetic Material Viruses may have doublestranded DNA, doublestranded RNA, singlestranded DNA or singlestranded RNA The type of genetic material found in a particular virus depends on the nature and function of the specific virus Key Points From the perspective of the virus, the purpose of viral replication is to allow production and survival of its kind Most doublestranded DNA viruses replicate within the host cell nucleus, including polyomaviruses, adenoviruses, and herpesviruses—poxviruses, however, replicate in the cytoplasm

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A) a) double stranded DNA virus using DNA polymerase to replicate b) double stranded RNA virus using an RNA polymerase to replicate c) single stranded RNA virus using an RNA polymerase to replicate d) single stranded DNA virus using DNA polymerase to replicate e) none of the choices is correct Answer d Difficulty Medium Learning Objective LO It turns out that ADARs specifically edit a molecule called doublestranded RNA (dsRNA) When viruses infect cells in animals, including humans, they make dsRNA, which the innate immune system detects as a sign that a cell has been invaded It also turns out that animal cells make their own dsRNA Over the years, Bass and her lab have it was found that long doublestranded RNA (dsRNA) is diced progressively from the termini into a pool of 21nucleotide siRNA duplexes by the dsRNAspecific endoribonuclease (RNase) Dicer6,7 These siRNAs then select and destroy their mRNA targets by basepairing with and guiding the endoribonucleic cleavage (or

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 The majority of mycoviruses exhibit a doublestranded RNA (dsRNA) genome, which is diagnostic However, a few mycoviruses exhibit singlestranded RNA (ssRNA), doublestranded DNA (dsDNA), or singlestranded DNA (ssDNA) genomes Based on the mode of replication and the type of genome, the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses hasDoublestranded RNA synonyms, Doublestranded RNA pronunciation, Doublestranded RNA translation, English dictionary definition of Doublestranded RNA RNA A adenine U uracil C cytosine G guanine n Although HSV1 is an enveloped doublestranded DNA virus, HSV1 has been found to generate doublestranded RNA 30Dicer cleaves long doublestranded RNA (dsRNA, often found in viruses and small interfering RNA) molecules into short double stranded fragments of around nucleotide siRNAs The dsRNA is then separated into two singlestranded RNAs (ssRNA) –

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Abstract Both respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and influenza A virus induce nucleotide/P2Y purinergic receptormediated impairment of alveolar fluid clearance (AFC), which contributes to formation of lung edema Although genetically dissimilar, both viruses generate doublestranded RNA replication intermediates, which act as Tolllike receptor (TLR)3 ligands When viruses infect a cell, they take over its cellular machinery for their own purpose — that is, creating more copies of the virus During this process, the viruses create long strings of doublestranded RNA (dsRNA), which is not found in human or other animal cellsHIV1 is a singlestranded RNA retrovirus that uses reverse transcriptase to create a doublestranded DNA copy of its genome which is integrated into the host human's genome prior to making mRNAs (Group VI) The genome structure system classifies both viruses as singlestranded RNA viruses with linear genomes

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 Retroviruses use reverse transcriptase to transform their singlestranded RNA into doublestranded DNA It is DNA that stores the genome of human cells and cells from other higher life forms Once transformed from RNA to DNA, the viral DNA can be integrated into the genome of the infected cellsThe doublestranded (ds)RNA viruses represent a diverse group of viruses that vary widely in host range (humans, animals, plants, fungi, and bacteria), genome segment number (one to twelve), and virion organization (Tnumber, capsid layers, or turrets) Members of this fascinating group include the rotaviruses, renowned globally as the There are three groups of RNA viruses whose genomes are not mRNAs They are the negative or minusstrand RNA viruses, the closely related ambisense RNA viruses, and doublestranded RNA viruses For each of these groups of viruses, the first synthetic event after genome penetration is transcription

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Double stranded RNA (dsRNA) is the genetic material of important viruses and a key component of RNA interferencebased immunity in eukaryotes Previous studies have noted difficulties in determining the sequence of dsRNA molecules that have affected studies of immune function and estimates of viral diversity in natureRole in RNA interference In RNA interference introducing short doublestranded RNA (dsRNA) segments into the cells of nematodes ( Caenorhabditis elegans ) The dsRNA segments underwent enzymatic processing that enabled them to attach to molecules of messenger RNA (mRNA) possessing complementary nucleotide sequences

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